WELCOME TO IRISH HISTORY ONLINE

Friday, October 30, 2009

Irish History Online is an authoritative guide (in progress) to what has been written about Irish history from earliest times to the present. It was established in association with the Royal Historical Society Bibliography of British and Irish History (of which it is now the Irish component) and London's Past Online.

Since the most recent update (December 2008) IHO contains some 66,000 items, drawn mostly from Writings on Irish History, and covering publications from 1936 to 2005 (in progress). It is planned to add records for 2006 and 2007 during 2009. In addition, IHO contains all the Irish material currently held on the online Royal Historical Society Bibliography. (The latter is less comprehensive but covers a longer period of publications, up to the most recent.) During the current phase of funding from the Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences (2006-9), particular attention is being paid to enhancing coverage of the Irish abroad: during 2008 over 500 new records on the Irish abroad have been added, including many references collected in libraries in the U.S.A. and Canada.

Irish History Online includes articles from journals, both national and local history journals, and collective volumes. Searches can be made by author, by subject, by publication details, or by period covered. It is an essential resource for the study of Irish history at any level, and is free of charge to users.

Searching takes the same form as the RHS Bibliography. Users may search via 'Simple search' or 'Full search', and Help menus are the same. Thanks to the connection with the RHS Bibliography, users of Irish History Online may take advantage of links from certain records to other electronic resources, including COPAC (which indicates the location in British and Irish libraries of particular works); World Cat; the Oxford DNB (if the PC is networked to a library with a subscription to the DNB); and full text versions of some articles through EDINA's Get Copy service.

The RHS Bibliography itself may be reached via:

http://www.rhs.ac.uk/bibl

We welcome your comments about IHO.

Irish History Online is funded under the Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences Government of Ireland Project Grants scheme.

The History of Families and Households: Comparative European Dimensions

Date:
24 June 2010 – 26 June 2010

Following the June 2006 Regional Symposium on ‘Social Behaviour and Family Strategies in the Balkans (16th to 20th Centuries)’ held at the New Europe College in Bucharest, this conference aims to place Balkan family history in its wider European context. While research in family history in the Balkans is still in its infancy compared to that of many other parts of Europe, and scholars can learn much from the methodological groundwork of (for example) the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure, it is equally true that scholars outside South-Eastern Europe have a limited, indeed stereotyped, understanding of the situation in the region. Bringing these communities of scholars together will be an important step towards a deeper mutual understanding of the issues in family history, and lay better groundwork for a comparative methodology.

The conference will have two elements:

A two-day symposium, with papers drawn equally from specialists in the Balkans and in other parts of Europe. Themes covered will include (but not be limited to):

* kinship and co-residence
* ageing, retirement, and inheritance
* urban and rural – contrasts and relationships
* government and fiscal policies
* the relative influences of religious, cultural, occupational, environmental and socioeconomic factors on family and household structures
* families in literature.

A one-day workshop focusing systematically on methodological issues, with sessions on:

* Laslett’s definitions and classification systems of households and their relevance today
* comparisons of different types of source (e.g. census-type documents; fiscal registers; Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox and Muslim sources)
* the roles of quantitative and qualitative analysis in family history, and the relationship between the two.

Conference organiser(s):
Dr Silvia Sovic, Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Historical Research, University of London
Venue:
Institute of Historical Research, University of London, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU
Location:
London, UK
The_History_of_Families_and_Households_Comparative_European_Dimensions-Second_call_for_papers.doc
Event deadlines
Call for papers deadline:
15 January 2010
The_History_of_Families_and_Households_Comparative_European_Dimensions-Second_call_for_papers.doc
Registration date:
15 April 2010

Institute of Historical Research

Not to be confused with the Institute for Historical Review, an American Holocaust denial organisation.

The Institute of Historical Research (or IHR) is a British educational organisation providing resources and training for historical researchers. It is part of the School of Advanced Study in the University of London and is located at Senate House. The Institute was founded in 1921 by A. F. Pollard. History
[edit] Foundation

The IHR was founded in 1921 by British historian Albert Pollard, a Professor of Constitutional History at University College London. The IHR was directly administered by the Senate of the University of London, rather than being part of one of the federal colleges. It was the first organisation to be administered under such an arrangement, and as such provided the model for other Institutes—many of which later joined the IHR in the University of London's School of Advanced Study.

The IHR's first premises were in 'temporary' huts on Malet Street, on a site now occupied by Birkbeck College. Despite the supposedly temporary nature of this accommodation, the IHR was not to move until 1947, when it took up residence in the north block of Senate House. Still occupying this position, many rooms in the IHR overlook the grass lawn in between Senate House and SOAS, which is where Senate House's unbuilt fourth court would have been.
[edit] Role
Senate House, home to the IHR since 1947

The IHR's role comprises the following:

To promote the study of history and an appreciation of the importance of the past among academics and the general public, in London, in Britain and internationally, and to provide institutional support and individual leadership for this broad historical community

To offer a wide range of services which promote and facilitate excellence in historical research, teaching and scholarship in the UK, by means of its library, seminars, conferences, fellowships, training and publications (both print and digital)

To further high quality research into particular aspects of the past by its research centres – the Centre for Contemporary British History, the Centre for Metropolitan History and the Victoria County History of England

To provide a welcoming environment where historians at all stages in their careers and from all parts of the world can meet formally and informally to exchange ideas and information, and to bring themselves up to date with current developments in historical scholarship

A room in the IHR Library


Sign in Senate House


An MA seminar in progress
[edit] Functioning of the IHR

In order to fulfill its role as defined above, the IHR maintains different academic institutions, such as a library, the seminar programme as well as several integrated bodies and programmes. It also continues to publish high quality historical research.
[edit] Library

From the beginning the founders of the Institute of Historical Research envisaged a combination of scholarship and library. This tradition is continued in that the seminars still take place in the rooms of the library. The library itself (its collection policy unaltered since the its foundation) collects sources for the History of Western Europe and areas affected by the European expansion. It now contains roughly 170,000 volumes. There are sizable holdings for the British Isles, as well as for Germany, Austria, France, the Low countries,Italy, Spain, Portugal, Latin America, the US and colonial history, ecclesiastical, Byzantine and crusader history as well as small holdings for Eastern Europe, Switzerland and Scandinavia. The library is particularly good for sources on local history both of the British Isles and Europe. It contains the largest collection of Low Countries material outside of those countries (due to gifts from the Netherlands and research interests of scholars working there), the most complete collection of French cartularies outside of France as well as collections of poll books for the United Kingdom and a complete run of the Victoria County History books. The collections have been supplemented by donations and bequests from many different scholars, such as the Wright collection (currently being integrated into the library holdings).
[edit] Seminar programme

The IHR supports and promotes a wide variety of seminars. They are accessible to all interested in the topic under discussion. Seminar topics range from the Early Middle Ages to Modern Britain, from the history of gardening to the philosophy of history. [1]
[edit] Conferences

In addition to the seminars the IHR is also involved with a number of conference. Of these the Anglo-American conference is probably the largest, but there are also many others being run throughout the year.
[edit] Integrated bodies

Besides the core activities, several research centres are integrated into the Institute. These are:-*the Victoria County History, who have recently developed "England's Past for Everyone"Institute of Historical Research. "Victoria Councy History". http://www.victoriacountyhistory.ac.uk/webdav/harmonise?Page/@id=71. Retrieved 2009-05-31. England's Past for Everyone(organization). "England's Past for Everyone". http://www.englandspastforeveryone.org.uk/webdav/harmonise?Page/@id=12. Retrieved 2009-05-31.

* CCBH and History & Policy "History and Policy, University of London". http://www.historyandpolicy.org/.
* Centre for Metropolitan History "Centre for Metropolitan History". Centre for Metropolitan History, University of London. http://www.history.ac.uk/cmh/cmh.main.html.
o The CCBH and the CMH offer taught M.A. and M.Phil.-- Ph.D. degrees can also be undertaken"University of London, Advanced Studies in History". http://www.history.ac.uk/degrees/.

[edit] Interesting facts
[edit] Nazi book donation housed in the IHR Library
One of the books donated to the IHR by Ribbentrop in 1937

Among the IHR’s extensive collection of books on European history are a set of books donated to the University of London by the Nazis in 1937. The presentation was made by Joachim von Ribbentrop, who was at the time Nazi Germany’s Ambassador to Britain. These books are still complete with original bookplates marking them as a ‘Gift of the German Reich’.

James Bavington Jeffreys, a student at the LSE at the time, wrote an account of the attempt by University of London students to block the donation. [1] Jeffreys attempted to rally support against the donation from the History teaching staff at the LSE. Among the staff he spoke to were Sir Charles Webster and Richard Tawney, but he was unable to raise any support amongst the academics against the donation. Eventually it was left to the students themselves to make a stand. Around fifty students gathered outside Senate House, and demonstrated as Ribbentrop arrived to make the donation. Jeffreys noted: “…more than one college of the University was represented, to show it was not just the ‘left-wingers’ of the LSE”

NWFP bans demolition of all historical buildings

Sunday, October 25, 2009

Friday, May 01, 2009
ThNews

The NWFP government has banned demolition of all historical buildings in the province and decided to rehabilitate and preserve them as heritage.

A high-level meeting held here Thursday with Provincial Minister for Sports, Culture and Tourism Syed Aqil Shah in the chair decided to clamp a ban on demolition of all old and historic landscapes in the province and permanently restore and preserve them.

Attended by senior level officers from environment, culture, forest, archaeology, works and services and administration departments and commissioner of Hazara Division, the meeting discussed the steps for rehabilitating and restoring the national heritage buildings and make them attractive for tourists.

It was also decided to constitute a team for collecting information about such sites, buildings and landscapes and submit findings for the purpose. The meeting was called to deliberate upon the issue of demolition of historical buildings, especially the auction of Dagri Forest Rest House, the provincial minister Syed Aqil Shah said.

The minister said after reading the story about auction of the bungalow in The News, he contacted the Chief Minister Ameer Haider Hoti and requested him to stop demolition of the building. The chief minister took a serious notice of the issue and instructed all the departments concerned to stop demolition of the bungalow and preserve it as heritage, he added.

“We have issued directives to the departments concerned that in future no historical building, site or landscape could be demolished or its originality disturbed,” he added.

Aqil Shah said not only Dagri Forest Rest House, but other old buildings would be preserved and publicized for promotion of tourism. The province is culturally rich and has a number of historical landscapes even older than British era that need to be protected and preserved, he said, adding the government was taking a keen interest in safeguarding the cultural and historical heritage.

The government is introducing a package ‘See Peshawar’ (the oldest living city) to attract tourists that would be a joint project of the tourism and archaeology departments, he added. Other packages include restoration of Gore Khuttri and Mohallah Sethian and opening them for tourists as historical sites.

Aqil Shah said he had visited this British-ear Dagri Forest Rest House built in 1860 and the news about its auction disturbed him that’s why he asked the chief minister to stop its demolition and that was done accordingly. He said all the SHOs and police stations in Hazara Division would be directed to have a check on all historical buildings and take quick action if some one tried to damage or demolish them.

Selected Historical Buildings

Wazir Mansion:-

Wazir Mansion is located in Kharadar the neighbourhood of Karachi. Wazir Mansion is the birthplace of Quaid-e-Azam, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan. It now serves as a museum and national archive. The house has been declared as a protected national monument by the Government of Pakistan.

Ziarat Residence:-

Ziarat is most famous for the Residency, where Muhammad Ali Jinnah spent the last days of his life. The Residency was constructed in 1892. It is an important building; the whole building is actually a wooden structure beautifully designed and has great architectural importance. It was originally meant to be a sanatorium, and it was converted into the summer residence of the Agent of the Governor General. It is now a National Monument. The residency catches the tourists’ attention due to its unique location and the wonderful hilly surroundings.

Iqbal Manzil:-

Iqbal Manzil is the birth place of famous poet Dr. Muhammad Allama Iqbal in the centre of the historic city of Sialkot. It has been converted into a museum cum libarary. Iqbal Manzil was purchased in 1861 by Mohammad Rafique, the grandfather of Dr Mohammed Iqbal. The house was originally very small, but each successor kept adding to it and the building grew in size. After the death of his father, Iqbal named his elder brother, Ata Mohammad, the owner of the house. Ata Mohammed left two sons after his death who left the house and took up residences in Karachi and Lahore. Many tourists come especially to Sialkot to take a look at the poet’s home, which has now been restored as part of national heritage, where he lived and wrote poetry that would make him the legend one day that he is.The museum consists of a guided tour of some rooms of the mansion, and displays some furniture and other objects used by Allama Iqbal.The management has displayed some rare pictures of Allama Iqbal, his family, teachers, class fellows and other leaders of the All India Muslim League at the building. Most of these photos hold autographs of Dr Muhammad Iqbal. After the renovation, over 200 people visit the ancient place every day. The Punjab government promise to establish an advanced research centre at Iqbal Manzil has yet to be materialised. A room of Iqbal Manzil houses more than 4,000 old books, among them 2,000 are on Iqbaliyat. It is planned to build a large library by collecting books, both on and by Iqbal, from all over the world where research could being conducted on the poet and his works. This library has already facilitated 5 students to attain their PhD degree on the works of Iqbal.


Mohatta Palace:-

Mohatta Palace is located in Karachi, Sindh. It was built by Shivratan Chandraratan Mohatta, an ambitious self-made Hindu businessman from Marwar as his summer home in the late 1920s. However, he could enjoy this building for only about two decades before political upheaval and the partition of the subcontinent forced him to leave Karachi. He built the Palace in the tradition of stone palaces in Rajasthan, using pink Jodhpur stone in combination with the

WELCOME TO HISTORIC BUILDINGS TOUR!

While some historic buildings are gone from the Santa Clara Valley as a result of housing and industrial development, others remain and have been handsomely restored. The maintenance of historic buildings owned outright by city governments in the Valley has been spotty, with no clear cut policy on funding for repairs and restoration. Private donations have been solicited but generally have been inadequate. Also, lacking is a clear policy for City purchase of historic structures, acceptance of donated historic structures and guidelines for condemnation by private owners. Preservation Commissions may make recommendations but have little, if any authority. Hopefully, in the future public and private funding for maintenance and restoration will prevail over neglect and destruction so that these grand architectural treasures will be preserved for viewing and appreciation by current and future generations. The structures shown on this web site were selected for historical significance, architectural style, function and ownership. Historical background information on these buildings has been included along with current photographs. New historical buildings will be added in the future. Enjoy your tour!

Karachi Historical Buildings

CITY COURTS (OLD JAIL) 1868 (M.A. JINNAH ROAD )

Located on the site of an old jail (1847-1906), the City Courts have functioned from these premises since the early part of this century, when the jail was shifted from here (1906). The jail was built in 1847 and after numerous additions, it was completed in 1868. Later it was reconverted into the present City Courts in 1906.



SINDH HIGH COURT 1929 COURT ROAD

This magnificent red stone structure built in the Renaissance Style is among the most imposing buildings of Karachi. With its magnificent cupolas, balconies and tall Roman style columns it was built at a cost Rs. 3 million in 1929. the flight of steps in front of the building leading up to the first storey and the characteristic façade, impart great dignity to this building. The whole structure appears to be a combination of local and Roman styles of architecture.



CLIFTON PROMENADE 1920 CLIFTION

Access to the sea at Clifton is provided by the terraced Parade known as the Jehangir Kothari Parade. The site, owned by Mr. Jehangir H. Kothari, an eminent Karachi citizen, who gifted it along with a handsome donation Rs. 300,000 to the Municipality for the development of recreational facilities. The foundation stone was laid by the Governor of Bombay, Sir George Lloyd on 10th February, 1919 and formally opened by Lady Lloyd on 5th January, 1920. The Lady Lloyd Pier was also opened by her on 21st March, 1921.

The Kiosk at one end of the parade, with its elliptical roof structure, built in Jodhpur stone, has an octagonal seat in the center and was used as a Bandstand in yester-years. A temple of Shiva lies below the Parade, with rock gardens on both sides. The pier is 1300 ft long, 15 ft wide and ends in a 70 ft by 50 ft sea-side Pavilion constructed on piles. Gizri limestone and Jodhpur stone were used for its construction.



THE EMPRESS MARKET

Constructed at a well-chosen site, was clearly visible from a great distance. Although the imperialists were particular in commemorating significant events, The new market a symmetrical building arranged around a courtyard. While the use of the alien Gothic form was understandable, the presence of an atrium was highly unusual for the time. With a frontage of 231 feet on Preedy Street, its four galleries, each 46 feet wide, surround the generous size courtyard, 130 feet by 100 feet. The single-storey building is not pretentious except for the tall central tower that rises to a height of 140 feet.
The design utilizes delicately carved column capitals, as well as carved stone brackets which support the balcony projections. Together with the exquisite leopard heads at the top four corners of the tower, the carved elements demonstrate the skill of the local craftsmen. The building's imposing clock tower was provided with a large chiming clock, unfortunately no longer working, with skeleton iron dials placed on the four sides. Contemporary accounts described the structure as a " very handsome building designed in what is known as the "Domestic Gothic Style" (Baillie 1890).
The Empress Market was praised in no uncertain Commissioner Pritchard, who pointed out in his opening address that only one other market surpassed it in the whole Presidency, namely the 'Crawford Market of Bombay.
Strachan's Empress Market in the English pointed style was comparatively simple in character, but its distinctive clock tower was twelve feet higher than that of the 'Craw



Frere Hall ( Liaquat National Library )

Raised in memory of Sir Bartle Frere (Commissioner of Sind 1851-1859, this Venetian Gothic style building was designed by Colonel Clair Wilkins whose proposal was selected from 12 entries, in what was perhaps the first recorded architectural design competition for a public building in Sind. Completed in 1865 at a cost of Rs.1,80,000 out of which Rs. 22,500 was raised for the memorial through public donations, the building was officially inaugurated by Commissioner Mansfield on 10th Oct. 1865. The gardens around the building were added in 1887-88 by Mr. Benjamin Flinch. Originally the statues of Queen Victoria and King Edward (both of which have now been removed), adorned the garden. The upper floor of this two storied yellowish Karachi limestone building, consists of a 70 ft x 24 ft hall and an orchestral gallery. In yesteryears this building was the hub of Karachi’s socio-cultural activities and also served as a Town Hall with regular public meetings, concerts and theatrical performances. The ground floor is now occupied by the Liaquat Municipal Library.

HINDU GYMKHANA 1925 (SARWAR SHAHEED ROAD )

With its carved cupolas and the miniaturized magnificence of a Rajasthani place the Hindu Gymkhana has almost been adwarfed into invisibility by indiscreet development. Constructed in 1925 on a plot of land measuring 47,000 sq. yds. The Seth Ramgopal Goverdhandas Mohatta Hindu Gymkhana was the first public building in which the sub-continental style of architecture rather than the commonly used European-style was used by its architect Mr. Agha Ahmed Hussain. The stones, for its two feet thick walls, were brought from Bajapur. Its cupolas and balustrades and its scale are directly influenced and derived from the Mughal-Hindu mixed style which characterizes Akber’s Fathepur Sikri. It is perhaps the only example of its type left in Karachi



KARACHI.CENTRAL.JAIL.1906 (BAHADUR YAR JUNG ROAD )

Once located at the northern edge of the city, the Karachi Central Jail, completed in 1906, now lies almost in the heart of city. Orginally a 13 ft high wall enclosed an area of 10,889 square yards and was planned on what was then considered the modern cubicle design. It was meant to house 325 male and 17 female prisoners. The Karachi Jail has housed many prominent leaders of the Pakistan Freedom Movement, including Maulana Mohammad Ali Johar who in September 1921 was sentenced to two years rigorous imprisonment here. During his stay in Karachi Jail, he wrote his famous autobiography my life: A Fragment



KARACHI PORT TRUST 1915 ( M.A. JINNAH ROAD )

This Renaissance Style building, designed by G. Wittet, Consulting Architect to the Government of Bombay, is located opposite Qamar House, a short distance away from Merewether Tower. Completed in 1915 at a cost of Rs. 9,74,990 it was inaugurated by Lord Willington, Governor of Bombay on Jan 5, 1916. A month later it was converted into a 500-bed military hospital for British forces engaged in World War I and was named No.1 Indian General Hospital. From May 6, 1919 when the military vacated the premises, it was reconverted to its original use. Three storey in height, the ground floor has channeled masonry walls , while the two upper storey, treated in continuity, are adorned with architraves, friezes and cornices.



MAZAAR.OF.QUAID-E-AZAM MOHAMMAD ALI JINNAH 1970
M.A. JINNAH ROAD

Located in the heart of the City, this mausoleum harbors the mortal remains of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Founder of the Nation. Completed in 1970, it is the design of Architect yahya Merchant. From a total reserved area of 131.58 acres an enclosed quadrangular area of about 61 acres is occupied by the main mausoleum building which is placed on an elevated 90 ft square platform. Its massive tapered walls are crowned at the top by a semi-circular dome, 70 ft in diameter. The size of the podium at the base is 300 x 275 ft and the total height of the mausoleum from podium to the top of the dome is 106 ft 6 inches. An 80 ft long chandelier in four tiers and with 48 lights gifted by the Peoples Republic of China, decorates the interior. Graves of our other great leaders, Quaid-e-Millet Liaquat Ali Khan, the First Prime minister of Pakistan, Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah (Quaid-e-Azam’s sister), Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar and Mr. Noorul Amin are also located nearby.



FLAG.STAFF.HOUSE1865( FATIMA JINNAH ROAD )

Flag Staff House was purchased by the Father of Nation, Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah in 1947 from its owner Sohrab Katrak, a leading citizen of Karachi. Designed by Engineer Moncriff for the Karachi Brigade Commander, it was built in the colonial style with buff stone in fine ashler masonry around the year 1865. This approximate date is recorded from the tiles used on the roof which bear the inscription Patent Basel Mission Tile Works, 1865. Upon construction it was used as the residence of Gen. Douglas Gracy, Commanding Officer of Sind Area, i.e. it was the official Residence of the GOC and hence it was known as the Flag Staff House. The 10, 214 sq yd plot of land and the House are now owned by the Federal Ministry of Culture which plans to convert it into a Museum-cum-Library in memory of the Quaid-e-Azam. It is presently being restored.



SINDH ASSEMBLY BUILDING 1942 ( COURT ROAD )

Located diagonally opposite the Sind High Court Building, this imposing structure was built in the year 1942 and serves as a meeting place for the elected members of the provincial parliament. It is simple and straight forward in its architectural design and shows influences of the colonial style. After independence the constituent assembly of Pakistan met in this building. The Quaid-e-Azam was speaker of this constituent assembly. An objective resolution moved by Shaheed-e-Millat Liaquat Ali Khan was passed in this building. It was here that the National Standard was also presented and approved by the constituent assembly. The constitutions of 1954 and 1956 were adopted here before the capital was shifted to Islamabad, three years later.

SIND MADRESSAH-TUL-ISLAM (1885) SHAHRAH-E-LIAQUAT

The Sind Madressah-Tul-Islam, an Alma Mater of the Father of the Nation and dozens of other national leaders, who played prominent roles in the creation of Pakistan, is located on Shahrah-e-Liaquat and was the first Muslim educational complex built in Sind. The Madressah (school) was initiated on 1st Sept. 1885 in a rented two storied building near Bolton Market by K.M. Hassanally Effendi. Upon completion of this building on 14th Nov. 1890, the Madressah moved to the current premises and has functioned uninterruptedly since then. The current site itself was previously a Municipal camel camping ground (carvansarai) which was bestowed by the Karachi Municipality to the Madressah Board. The building was designed by James Strachen according to the sketches of K.B. Wali Mohammad and its foundation stone was laid by Lord Duffering on 14th Nov.1887. The total cost of construction of the main Madressah building came to Rs. 1,97,188

WAZIR MANSION

Foremost among Karachi's historic building is the birthplace of Quaid-e-Azam. The house is balconied, three-storied structure on Newneham Road, located in Kharadar, one of the oldest residential areas of the city. The house has been declared a protected national monument.



QUAID-E-AZAM'S MAUSOLEUM

This white marble Mausoleum with its curved Moorish arches and copper grills resets on an elevated 54 sq. meters platform. The cool inner sanctum reflects the green of a four-tiered crystal chandelier gifted by the peoples Republic of China. The memorial slab framed with silver railings dawns people from far and wide who come to pay their respects to the father of the Nation and to watch the impressive changing of guards ceremony that takes place everyday. Today the Quaid-e-Azam's Mausoleum is a prominent and impressive landmark of Karachi. Nearby are the graves of the “Quaid-e-Millet”. Liaqat Ali Khan, the first Prime Minister of Pakistan and the Quaid`s sister, Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah.



LIAQUAT HALL/BAGH-E-JINNAH

Surrounded by the green Bah-e-Jinnah, Liaqat Hall, originally the freer hall was once the Town Hall where inc colonial days, concerts and social events were held regularly. This two-storied Venetian Gothic building now houses the Liaqat Municipal Library on the ground floor and an art gallery on the upper storey. Named after one of Pakistan's renowned artists, Sadequain the gallery displays a permanent collection of the artists work, Sadequain spent the last years of his life painting a huge mural on the ceiling of the gallery but, sadly, did not lived to complete it.



NATIONAL MUSEUM OF PAKISTAN / BURNS GARDEN

This museum, on Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Road , contains an important collections of items relating to Pakistan's ancient heritage. Well arranged galleries display Indus Civilization, Gandhara sculptures, Islamic art paintings ancient coins and manuscripts documenting Pakistan's political history. There is also an interesting ethnological gallery

Masjid e Tooba Situated in the Defence Housing Authority area, close to the market, the enormous dome to the Masjid - e - Tooba covers a central hall which can accommodate a congregation of 5,000. The single minaret stands 70 metres high.
Merewether
Tower Situated in the heart of the business centre. Merewether Tower is another landmark of Karachi. It stands 35 metres high and carries a four faced clock.
Fyzee Rahamin Art Gallery

The Fyzee Rahamin Art Gallery and Reference Library to Fine Art Books (Aiwan - e - Rifat) on M R Kiyani road is favourite haven of art lovers.